Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/wso2/carbon-device-mgt

components/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/device/mgt/core/notification/mgt/dao/impl/AbstractNotificationDAOImpl.java

@@ -18,12 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.notification.mgt.dao.impl;
 
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.PaginationRequest;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.PaginationResult;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.notification.mgt.Notification;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.notification.mgt.NotificationManagementException;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceManagementDAOException;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dao.util.DeviceManagementDAOUtil;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.notification.mgt.dao.NotificationDAO;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.notification.mgt.dao.NotificationManagementDAOFactory;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.notification.mgt.dao.util.NotificationDAOUtil;
@@ -79,8 +75,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractNotificationDAOImpl implements NotificationDAO {
         try {
             conn = NotificationManagementDAOFactory.getConnection();
             String sql =
-                    "SELECT NOTIFICATION_ID, OPERATION_ID, DESCRIPTION, STATUS FROM DM_NOTIFICATION WHERE " +
+                    "SELECT NOTIFICATION_ID, OPERATION_ID, DESCRIPTION, STATUS, DEVICE_IDENTIFICATION, DEVICE_NAME, " +
-                            "TENANT_ID = ? AND NOTIFICATION_ID = ?";
+                    "DEVICE TYPE FROM DM_NOTIFICATION WHERE TENANT_ID = ? AND NOTIFICATION_ID = ?";
             stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
             stmt.setInt(1, tenantId);
             stmt.setInt(2, notificationId);

components/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/device/mgt/core/service/DeviceManagementProviderService.java

@@ -33,8 +33,23 @@ import java.util.List;
  */
 public interface DeviceManagementProviderService {
 
+    /**
+     * Method to retrieve all the devices of a given device type.
+     *
+     * @param deviceType Device-type of the required devices
+     * @return List of devices of given device-type.
+     * @throws DeviceManagementException If some unusual behaviour is observed while fetching the
+     *                                   devices.
+     */
     List<Device> getAllDevices(String deviceType) throws DeviceManagementException;
 
+    /**
+     * Method to retrieve all the devices registered in the system.
+     *
+     * @return List of registered devices.
+     * @throws DeviceManagementException If some unusual behaviour is observed while fetching the
+     *                                   devices.
+     */
     List<Device> getAllDevices() throws DeviceManagementException;
 
     /**

components/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/device/mgt/core/task/impl/DeviceTaskManagerImpl.java

@@ -84,31 +84,30 @@ public class DeviceTaskManagerImpl implements DeviceTaskManager {
 
     @Override
     public void addOperations() throws DeviceMgtTaskException {
-        DeviceManagementProviderService deviceManagementProviderService =
+        DeviceManagementProviderService deviceManagementProviderService = DeviceManagementDataHolder.getInstance().
-                DeviceManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getDeviceManagementProvider();
+                getDeviceManagementProvider();
         try {
-            List<Device> devices = deviceManagementProviderService.getAllDevices();
+            List<String> deviceTypes = deviceManagementProviderService.getAvailableDeviceTypes();
+            List<Device> devices;
             List<String> operations = this.getValidOperationNames();
 
+            for (String deviceType : deviceTypes) {
+                devices = deviceManagementProviderService.getAllDevices(deviceType);
                 if (!devices.isEmpty()) {
                     for (String str : operations) {
                         CommandOperation operation = new CommandOperation();
                         operation.setEnabled(true);
                         operation.setType(Operation.Type.COMMAND);
                         operation.setCode(str);
-                    //TODO: Fix this properly later adding device type to be passed in when the task manage executes "addOperations()"
+                        deviceManagementProviderService.addOperation(deviceType, operation,
-                    String type = null;
+                                                                     DeviceManagerUtil.getValidDeviceIdentifiers(devices));
-                    if (devices.size() > 0) {
-                        type = devices.get(0).getType();
-                    }
-                    deviceManagementProviderService.addOperation(type, operation,
-                            DeviceManagerUtil.convertDevices(devices));
                     }
                 } else {
                     if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                         log.debug("No devices are available to perform the operations.");
                     }
                 }
+            }
         } catch (InvalidDeviceException e) {
             throw new DeviceMgtTaskException("Invalid DeviceIdentifiers found.", e);
         } catch (DeviceManagementException e) {

components/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/device/mgt/core/util/DeviceManagerUtil.java

@@ -184,6 +184,27 @@ public final class DeviceManagerUtil {
         return deviceIdentifiers;
     }
 
+    public static List<DeviceIdentifier> getValidDeviceIdentifiers(List<Device> devices) {
+        List<DeviceIdentifier> deviceIdentifiers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Device device : devices) {
+            if (device.getEnrolmentInfo() != null) {
+                switch (device.getEnrolmentInfo().getStatus()) {
+                    case BLOCKED:
+                    case REMOVED:
+                    case SUSPENDED:
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        DeviceIdentifier identifier = new DeviceIdentifier();
+                        identifier.setId(device.getDeviceIdentifier());
+                        identifier.setType(device.getType());
+                        deviceIdentifiers.add(identifier);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return deviceIdentifiers;
+    }
+
+
     public static String getServerBaseHttpsUrl() {
         String hostName = "localhost";
         try {

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/PolicyManagerServiceImpl.java

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ public class PolicyManagerServiceImpl implements PolicyManagerService {
         policyAdministratorPoint = new PolicyAdministratorPointImpl();
         monitoringManager = new MonitoringManagerImpl();
         policyManager = new PolicyManagerImpl();
+        PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().setMonitoringManager(monitoringManager);
+        PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().setPolicyManager(policyManager);
     }
 
     @Override

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/internal/PolicyManagementDataHolder.java

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import org.wso2.carbon.ntask.core.service.TaskService;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.PolicyEvaluationPoint;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.PolicyInformationPoint;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.spi.PolicyMonitoringService;
+import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core.mgt.MonitoringManager;
+import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core.mgt.PolicyManager;
 import org.wso2.carbon.user.core.service.RealmService;
 import org.wso2.carbon.user.core.tenant.TenantManager;
 
@@ -36,6 +38,8 @@ public class PolicyManagementDataHolder {
     private PolicyEvaluationPoint policyEvaluationPoint;
     private PolicyInformationPoint policyInformationPoint;
     private DeviceManagementProviderService deviceManagementService;
+    private MonitoringManager monitoringManager;
+    private PolicyManager policyManager;
     private Map<String, PolicyMonitoringService> policyMonitoringServiceMap = new HashMap<>();
     private TaskService taskService;
 
@@ -47,6 +51,22 @@ public class PolicyManagementDataHolder {
         return thisInstance;
     }
 
+    public PolicyManager getPolicyManager() {
+        return policyManager;
+    }
+
+    public void setPolicyManager(PolicyManager policyManager) {
+        this.policyManager = policyManager;
+    }
+
+    public MonitoringManager getMonitoringManager() {
+        return monitoringManager;
+    }
+
+    public void setMonitoringManager(MonitoringManager monitoringManager) {
+        this.monitoringManager = monitoringManager;
+    }
+
     public RealmService getRealmService() {
         return realmService;
     }

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/mgt/MonitoringManager.java

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ package org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core.mgt;
 
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.Device;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.DeviceIdentifier;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dto.DeviceType;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.monitor.ComplianceData;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.monitor.ComplianceFeature;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.monitor.PolicyComplianceException;
@@ -40,6 +39,6 @@ public interface MonitoringManager {
 
     void addMonitoringOperation(List<Device> devices) throws PolicyComplianceException;
 
-    List<DeviceType> getDeviceTypes() throws PolicyComplianceException;
+    List<String> getDeviceTypes() throws PolicyComplianceException;
 
 }

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/mgt/impl/MonitoringManagerImpl.java

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ package org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core.mgt.impl;
 
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-import org.wso2.carbon.context.PrivilegedCarbonContext;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.Device;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.DeviceIdentifier;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.DeviceManagementException;
@@ -30,12 +29,8 @@ import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.operation.mgt.Operation;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.operation.mgt.OperationManagementException;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.config.DeviceConfigurationManager;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.config.policy.PolicyConfiguration;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceManagementDAOFactory;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceTypeDAO;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dto.DeviceType;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.operation.mgt.CommandOperation;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.service.DeviceManagementProviderService;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.service.DeviceManagementProviderServiceImpl;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.Policy;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.PolicyManagementException;
 import org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.common.ProfileFeature;
@@ -56,8 +51,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
 public class MonitoringManagerImpl implements MonitoringManager {
 
     private PolicyDAO policyDAO;
-    //    private DeviceDAO deviceDAO;
-    private DeviceTypeDAO deviceTypeDAO;
     private MonitoringDAO monitoringDAO;
     private ComplianceDecisionPoint complianceDecisionPoint;
     private PolicyConfiguration policyConfiguration;
@@ -69,8 +62,6 @@ public class MonitoringManagerImpl implements MonitoringManager {
 
     public MonitoringManagerImpl() {
         this.policyDAO = PolicyManagementDAOFactory.getPolicyDAO();
-//        this.deviceDAO = DeviceManagementDAOFactory.getDeviceDAO();
-        this.deviceTypeDAO = DeviceManagementDAOFactory.getDeviceTypeDAO();
         this.monitoringDAO = PolicyManagementDAOFactory.getMonitoringDAO();
         this.complianceDecisionPoint = new ComplianceDecisionPointImpl();
         this.policyConfiguration =
@@ -84,8 +75,8 @@ public class MonitoringManagerImpl implements MonitoringManager {
 
         List<ComplianceFeature> complianceFeatures = new ArrayList<>();
         try {
-            DeviceManagementProviderService service = new DeviceManagementProviderServiceImpl();
+            DeviceManagementProviderService service = PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getDeviceManagementService();
-            PolicyManager manager = new PolicyManagerImpl();
+            PolicyManager manager = PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getPolicyManager();
             Device device = service.getDevice(deviceIdentifier);
             Policy policy = manager.getAppliedPolicyToDevice(deviceIdentifier);
             if (policy != null) {
@@ -179,7 +170,7 @@ public class MonitoringManagerImpl implements MonitoringManager {
     @Override
     public boolean isCompliance(DeviceIdentifier deviceIdentifier) throws PolicyComplianceException {
         try {
-            DeviceManagementProviderService service = new DeviceManagementProviderServiceImpl();
+            DeviceManagementProviderService service = PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getDeviceManagementService();
             Device device = service.getDevice(deviceIdentifier);
             PolicyManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
             ComplianceData complianceData = monitoringDAO.getCompliance(device.getId(), device.getEnrolmentInfo()
@@ -209,7 +200,7 @@ public class MonitoringManagerImpl implements MonitoringManager {
         ComplianceData complianceData;
         try {
             PolicyManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
-            DeviceManagementProviderService service = new DeviceManagementProviderServiceImpl();
+            DeviceManagementProviderService service = PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getDeviceManagementService();
             Device device = service.getDevice(deviceIdentifier);
             complianceData = monitoringDAO.getCompliance(device.getId(), device.getEnrolmentInfo().getId());
             List<ComplianceFeature> complianceFeatures =
@@ -374,17 +365,13 @@ public class MonitoringManagerImpl implements MonitoringManager {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public List<DeviceType> getDeviceTypes() throws PolicyComplianceException {
+    public List<String> getDeviceTypes() throws PolicyComplianceException {
 
-        List<DeviceType> deviceTypes = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<String> deviceTypes = new ArrayList<>();
         try {
-            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
+            deviceTypes = PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getDeviceManagementService().getAvailableDeviceTypes();
-            int tenantId = PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
+        } catch (DeviceManagementException e) {
-            deviceTypes = deviceTypeDAO.getDeviceTypes(tenantId);
+            throw new PolicyComplianceException("Error occurred while getting the device types.", e);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error occurred while getting the device types.", e);
-        } finally {
-            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.closeConnection();
         }
         return deviceTypes;
     }

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/mgt/impl/PolicyManagerImpl.java

@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.DeviceIdentifier;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.DeviceManagementException;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.group.mgt.DeviceGroup;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.group.mgt.GroupManagementException;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceDAO;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceManagementDAOFactory;
-import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.dto.DeviceType;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.service.DeviceManagementProviderService;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.service.DeviceManagementProviderServiceImpl;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.core.service.GroupManagementProviderService;
@@ -50,14 +47,12 @@ public class PolicyManagerImpl implements PolicyManager {
     private ProfileDAO profileDAO;
     private FeatureDAO featureDAO;
     private ProfileManager profileManager;
-    private DeviceDAO deviceDAO;
     private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(PolicyManagerImpl.class);
 
     public PolicyManagerImpl() {
         this.policyDAO = PolicyManagementDAOFactory.getPolicyDAO();
         this.profileDAO = PolicyManagementDAOFactory.getProfileDAO();
         this.featureDAO = PolicyManagementDAOFactory.getFeatureDAO();
-        this.deviceDAO = DeviceManagementDAOFactory.getDeviceDAO();
         this.profileManager = new ProfileManagerImpl();
     }
 

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/task/MonitoringTask.java

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 public class MonitoringTask implements Task {
 
-    private DeviceTypeDAO deviceTypeDAO;
     private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(MonitoringTask.class);
 
     Map<String, String> properties;
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ public class MonitoringTask implements Task {
 
     @Override
     public void init() {
-        deviceTypeDAO = DeviceManagementDAOFactory.getDeviceTypeDAO();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -63,9 +61,9 @@ public class MonitoringTask implements Task {
             log.debug("Monitoring task started to run.");
         }
 
-        MonitoringManager monitoringManager = new MonitoringManagerImpl();
+        MonitoringManager monitoringManager = PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getMonitoringManager();
 
-        List<DeviceType> deviceTypes = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<String> deviceTypes = new ArrayList<>();
         try {
             deviceTypes = monitoringManager.getDeviceTypes();
         } catch (PolicyComplianceException e) {
@@ -79,15 +77,15 @@ public class MonitoringTask implements Task {
                 DeviceManagementProviderService deviceManagementProviderService =
                         PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getDeviceManagementService();
 
-                for (DeviceType deviceType : deviceTypes) {
+                for (String deviceType : deviceTypes) {
 
                     if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
-                        log.debug("Running task for device type : " + deviceType.getName());
+                        log.debug("Running task for device type : " + deviceType);
                     }
 
                     PolicyMonitoringService monitoringService =
-                            PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getPolicyMonitoringService(deviceType.getName());
+                            PolicyManagementDataHolder.getInstance().getPolicyMonitoringService(deviceType);
-                    List<Device> devices = deviceManagementProviderService.getAllDevices(deviceType.getName());
+                    List<Device> devices = deviceManagementProviderService.getAllDevices(deviceType);
                     if (monitoringService != null && !devices.isEmpty()) {
 
 
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ public class MonitoringTask implements Task {
 
                         if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                             log.debug("Removing inactive and blocked devices from the list for the device type : " +
-                                    deviceType.getName());
+                                    deviceType);
                         }
                         for (Device device : devices) {
                             EnrolmentInfo.Status status = device.getEnrolmentInfo().getStatus();
@@ -111,8 +109,7 @@ public class MonitoringTask implements Task {
                             }
                         }
                         if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
-                            log.debug("Following devices selected to send the notification for " +
+                            log.debug("Following devices selected to send the notification for " + deviceType);
-                                    deviceType.getName());
                             for (Device device : notifiableDevices) {
                                 log.debug(device.getDeviceIdentifier());
                             }

components/policy-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.policy.mgt.core/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/policy/mgt/core/util/PolicyManagerUtil.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.Device;
+import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.DeviceIdentifier;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.configuration.mgt.ConfigurationEntry;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.configuration.mgt.ConfigurationManagementException;
 import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.configuration.mgt.PlatformConfiguration;

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.server.feature/src/main/resources/dbscripts/cdm/h2.sql

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS DM_NOTIFICATION (
     OPERATION_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     TENANT_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     STATUS VARCHAR(10) NULL,
-    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(100) NULL,
+    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(1000) NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (NOTIFICATION_ID),
     CONSTRAINT fk_dm_device_notification FOREIGN KEY (DEVICE_ID) REFERENCES
     DM_DEVICE (ID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.server.feature/src/main/resources/dbscripts/cdm/mssql.sql

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ CREATE TABLE DM_NOTIFICATION (
     OPERATION_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     TENANT_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     STATUS VARCHAR(10) NULL,
-    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(100) NULL,
+    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(1000) NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (NOTIFICATION_ID),
     CONSTRAINT FL_DM_NOTIFICATION FOREIGN KEY (DEVICE_ID) REFERENCES
     DM_DEVICE (ID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.server.feature/src/main/resources/dbscripts/cdm/mysql.sql

@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS DM_NOTIFICATION (
     OPERATION_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     TENANT_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     STATUS VARCHAR(10) NULL,
-    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(100) NULL,
+    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(1000) NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (NOTIFICATION_ID),
     CONSTRAINT fk_dm_device_notification FOREIGN KEY (DEVICE_ID) REFERENCES
     DM_DEVICE (ID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.server.feature/src/main/resources/dbscripts/cdm/oracle.sql

@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ CREATE TABLE DM_NOTIFICATION (
   OPERATION_ID NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
   TENANT_ID NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
   STATUS VARCHAR2(10) NULL,
-  DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(100) NULL,
+  DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(1000) NULL,
   CONSTRAINT PK_DM_NOTIFICATION PRIMARY KEY (NOTIFICATION_ID),
   CONSTRAINT FK_DM_DEVICE_NOTIFICATION FOREIGN KEY (DEVICE_ID) REFERENCES
     DM_DEVICE (ID),

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.server.feature/src/main/resources/dbscripts/cdm/postgresql.sql

@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS  DM_NOTIFICATION (
   OPERATION_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
   TENANT_ID INTEGER NOT NULL,
   STATUS VARCHAR(10) NULL,
-  DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(100) NULL,
+  DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(1000) NULL,
   CONSTRAINT fk_dm_device_notification FOREIGN KEY (DEVICE_ID) REFERENCES
     DM_DEVICE (ID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
   CONSTRAINT fk_dm_operation_notification FOREIGN KEY (OPERATION_ID) REFERENCES