Initialize device tag feature updated req changes

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/api/jaxrs/service/api/TagManagementService.java

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
             produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
             httpMethod = "GET",
             value = "Getting the List of Tags",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to retrieve all tags",
             tags = "Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
             produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
             httpMethod = "POST",
             value = "Adding a Tag",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to add new tags",
             tags = "Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
             produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
             httpMethod = "PUT",
             value = "Updating a Tag",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to update a specific tag",
             tags = "Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
     @ApiOperation(
             httpMethod = "DELETE",
             value = "Deleting a Tag",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to delete a specific tag",
             tags = "Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
             produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
             httpMethod = "GET",
             value = "Getting a Tag by ID",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to retrieve tag by id",
             tags = "Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
             produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
             httpMethod = "POST",
             value = "Adding a Device-Tag Mapping",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to map devices with tags",
             tags = "Device-Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ public interface TagManagementService {
             produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
             httpMethod = "DELETE",
             value = "Deleting a Device-Tag Mapping",
-            notes = "",
+            notes = "This endpoint is used to remove tag mappings from devices",
             tags = "Device-Tag Management",
             extensions = {
                     @Extension(properties = {

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/api/jaxrs/service/impl/DeviceManagementServiceImpl.java

@@ -228,17 +228,8 @@ public class DeviceManagementServiceImpl implements DeviceManagementService {
             }
 
             if (tags != null && !tags.isEmpty()) {
-                boolean isTagsEmpty = true;
-                for (String tagString : tags) {
-                    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(tagString)) {
-                        isTagsEmpty = false;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (!isTagsEmpty) {
                 request.setTags(tags);
             }
-            }
             // this is the user who initiates the request
             String authorizedUser = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getUsername();
 

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/api/jaxrs/service/impl/TagManagementServiceImpl.java

@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@
 
 package io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.service.impl;
 
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.beans.ErrorResponse;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.beans.TagInfo;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.beans.TagMappingInfo;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.service.api.TagManagementService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.service.impl.util.RequestValidationUtil;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.util.DeviceMgtAPIUtils;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.exceptions.BadRequestException;
-import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt.*;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt.Tag;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt.TagManagementException;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt.TagNotFoundException;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.extensions.logger.spi.EntgraLogger;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.notification.logger.impl.EntgraRoleMgtLoggerImpl;
 
@@ -50,7 +53,8 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
         }  catch (TagManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while getting tags.";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(
+                    new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         }
     }
 
@@ -69,11 +73,15 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
         } catch (TagManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while adding tags." ;
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity
+                    (new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (BadRequestException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while adding tags. Please check the request" ;
-            log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug(msg, e);
+            }
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(
+                    new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(e.getMessage()).build()).build();
         }
     }
 
@@ -89,9 +97,11 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
                 tag = DeviceMgtAPIUtils.getTagManagementService().getTagByName(tagName);
             }
             if (tag == null) {
-                String msg = "Tag not found.";
+                String msg = (tagId != null) ? "Tag with ID " + tagId + " is not found."
+                        : "Tag with name " + tagName + " is not found.";
                 log.error(msg);
-                return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(msg).build();
+                return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().
+                        setMessage(msg).build()).build();
             }
             tag.setName(tagInfo.getName());
             tag.setDescription(tagInfo.getDescription());
@@ -101,17 +111,22 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
             String msg = (tagId != null) ? "Error occurred while updating tag with ID " + tagId + "."
                     : "Error occurred while updating tag with name " + tagName + ".";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (TagNotFoundException e) {
             String msg = (tagId != null) ? "Tag with ID " + tagId + " is not found."
                     : "Tag with name " + tagName + " is not found.";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().
+                    setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (BadRequestException e) {
             String msg = (tagId != null) ? "Error occurred while updating tag with ID " + tagId
                     : "Error occurred while updating tag with name " + tagName;
-            log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug(msg, e);
+            }
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().
+                    setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         }
     }
 
@@ -125,11 +140,13 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
         } catch (TagManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while deleting tag with ID " + tagId + ".";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().
+                    setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (TagNotFoundException e) {
             String msg = "Tag with ID " + tagId + " is not found.";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().
+                    setMessage(e.getMessage()).build()).build();
         }
     }
 
@@ -143,11 +160,13 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
         } catch (TagManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while getting tag with ID " + tagId + ".";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (TagNotFoundException e) {
             String msg = "Tag with ID " + tagId + " is not found.";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(e.getMessage()).build()).build();
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,18 +175,21 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
     public Response addDeviceTagMapping(TagMappingInfo tagMappingInfo) {
         RequestValidationUtil.validateTagMappingDetails(tagMappingInfo);
         try {
-            TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO(tagMappingInfo.getDeviceIdentifiers(),
+            DeviceMgtAPIUtils.getTagManagementService().addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingInfo.getDeviceIdentifiers(),
                     tagMappingInfo.getDeviceType(), tagMappingInfo.getTags());
-            DeviceMgtAPIUtils.getTagManagementService().addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.CREATED).entity(tagMappingDTO).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.CREATED).entity(tagMappingInfo).build();
         } catch (TagManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while adding device-tag mapping.";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (BadRequestException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while adding tag mappings.";
-            log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug(msg, e);
+            }
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(e.getMessage()).build()).build();
         }
     }
 
@@ -176,18 +198,21 @@ public class TagManagementServiceImpl implements TagManagementService {
     public Response deleteDeviceTagMapping(TagMappingInfo tagMappingInfo) {
         RequestValidationUtil.validateTagMappingDetails(tagMappingInfo);
         try {
-            TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO(tagMappingInfo.getDeviceIdentifiers(),
+            DeviceMgtAPIUtils.getTagManagementService().deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingInfo.getDeviceIdentifiers(),
                     tagMappingInfo.getDeviceType(), tagMappingInfo.getTags());
-            DeviceMgtAPIUtils.getTagManagementService().deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.NO_CONTENT).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.NO_CONTENT).entity(tagMappingInfo).build();
         } catch (TagManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while deleting tag mappings.";
             log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(msg).build()).build();
         } catch (BadRequestException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while deleting tag mappings.";
-            log.error(msg, e);
-            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+            if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug(msg, e);
+            }
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(new ErrorResponse.
+                    ErrorResponseBuilder().setMessage(e.getMessage()).build()).build();
         }
     }
 }

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/api/jaxrs/service/impl/util/RequestValidationUtil.java

@@ -493,41 +493,70 @@ public class RequestValidationUtil {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Validates the provided tag details to ensure that either a valid tagId or a non-empty tagName is provided,
+     * and that the tagInfo is not null. Throws InputValidationException if any of these conditions are not met.
+     *
+     * @param tagId the ID of the tag (must be greater than 0)
+     * @param tagName the name of the tag (must be non-empty if tagId is not provided)
+     * @param tagInfo the TagInfo object to validate (must not be null)
+     * @throws InputValidationException if neither a valid tagId nor a tagName is provided, or if tagInfo is null
+     */
     public static void validateTagDetails(Integer tagId, String tagName, TagInfo tagInfo) {
-        if (tagId == null && tagName == null) {
-            String msg = "Either tagId or tagName must be provided.";
+        if ((tagId == null || tagId <= 0) && StringUtils.isBlank(tagName)) {
+            String msg = "Either valid tagId or tagName must be provided.";
             log.error(msg);
             throw new InputValidationException(
                     new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setCode(400l).setMessage(msg).build());
         }
         if (tagInfo == null) {
+            String msg = "Provided request body is empty.";
+            log.error(msg);
             throw new InputValidationException(
                     new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setCode(400l).setMessage("Request body is "
                             + "empty").build());
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Validates the provided list of TagInfo objects to ensure that it is not null.
+     * Throws InputValidationException if the list is null.
+     *
+     * @param tagInfo the list of TagInfo objects to validate (must not be null)
+     * @throws InputValidationException if the list is null
+     */
     public static void validateTagListDetails(List<TagInfo> tagInfo) {
         if (tagInfo == null) {
+            String msg = "Provided request body is empty.";
+            log.error(msg);
             throw new InputValidationException(
                     new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setCode(400l).setMessage("Request body is "
                             + "empty").build());
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Validates the provided TagMappingInfo object to ensure it is not null and contains valid
+     * device identifiers, device type, and tags. Throws InputValidationException if validation fails.
+     *
+     * @param tagMappingInfo the TagMappingInfo object to validate
+     * @throws InputValidationException if the tagMappingInfo or its required fields are invalid
+     */
     public static void validateTagMappingDetails(TagMappingInfo tagMappingInfo) {
         if (tagMappingInfo == null) {
+            String msg = "Provided request body is empty.";
+            log.error(msg);
             throw new InputValidationException(
                     new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setCode(400L).setMessage("Request body is empty").build());
         } else if (tagMappingInfo.getDeviceIdentifiers() == null || tagMappingInfo.getDeviceType() == null
                 || tagMappingInfo.getTags() == null) {
+            String msg = "Invalid tag mapping request body.";
+            log.error(msg);
             throw new InputValidationException(
                     new ErrorResponse.ErrorResponseBuilder().setCode(400L).setMessage("Invalid tag mapping request body").build());
         }
     }
 
-
-
     public static void validateScopes(List<Scope> scopes) {
         if (scopes == null || scopes.isEmpty()) {
             throw new InputValidationException(

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/api/jaxrs/util/DeviceMgtAPIUtils.java

@@ -21,12 +21,11 @@ package io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.util;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.apimgt.webapp.publisher.APIPublisherService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.application.mgt.common.services.ApplicationManager;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.application.mgt.common.services.SubscriptionManager;
-import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.api.jaxrs.service.api.TagManagementService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.authorization.GroupAccessAuthorizationService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.metadata.mgt.DeviceStatusManagementService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.permission.mgt.PermissionManagerServiceImpl;
-import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.tenant.mgt.common.spi.TenantManagerAdminService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.service.TagManagementProviderService;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.tenant.mgt.common.spi.TenantManagerAdminService;
 import org.apache.axis2.AxisFault;
 import org.apache.axis2.client.Options;
 import org.apache.axis2.java.security.SSLProtocolSocketFactory;
@@ -67,7 +66,6 @@ import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.operation.mgt.Operation;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.report.mgt.ReportManagementService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.spi.DeviceTypeGeneratorService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.spi.OTPManagementService;
-import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.spi.TraccarManagementService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.app.mgt.ApplicationManagementProviderService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.device.details.mgt.DeviceInformationManager;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dto.DeviceTypeVersion;
@@ -167,6 +165,7 @@ public class DeviceMgtAPIUtils {
 
     private static volatile APIPublisherService apiPublisher;
     private static volatile TenantManagerAdminService tenantManagerAdminService;
+    private static volatile TagManagementProviderService tagManagementService;
 
     static {
         String keyStorePassword = ServerConfiguration.getInstance().getFirstProperty("Security.KeyStore.Password");
@@ -507,15 +506,24 @@ public class DeviceMgtAPIUtils {
         return policyManagementService;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Initializing and accessing method for TagManagementService.
+     *
+     * @return TagManagementService instance
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if TagManagementService cannot be initialized
+     */
     public static TagManagementProviderService getTagManagementService() {
-        TagManagementProviderService tagManagementService;
+        if (tagManagementService == null) {
+            synchronized (DeviceMgtAPIUtils.class) {
+                if (tagManagementService == null) {
                     PrivilegedCarbonContext ctx = PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext();
-        tagManagementService =
-                (TagManagementProviderService) ctx.getOSGiService(TagManagementProviderService.class, null);
+                    tagManagementService = (TagManagementProviderService) ctx.getOSGiService(
+                            TagManagementProviderService.class, null);
                     if (tagManagementService == null) {
-            String msg = "Tag Management service not initialized.";
-            log.error(msg);
-            throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("Tag Management service not initialized.");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
         return tagManagementService;
     }

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/common/tag/mgt/Tag.java

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 package io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt;
 
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
 import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
 import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
 

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/core/dao/impl/TagDAOImpl.java

@@ -21,8 +21,15 @@ package io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.impl;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt.DeviceTag;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.tag.mgt.Tag;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.*;
-
-import java.sql.*;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -33,6 +40,8 @@ import static io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.util.TagManagementDA
 
 public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
 
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TagDAOImpl.class);
+
     protected Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
         return DeviceManagementDAOFactory.getConnection();
     }
@@ -62,11 +71,15 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
             int[] updateCounts = preparedStatement.executeBatch();
             for (int count : updateCounts) {
                 if (count == PreparedStatement.EXECUTE_FAILED) {
-                    throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while adding tags, adding some tags failed.");
+                    String msg = "Error occurred while adding tags, adding some tags failed.";
+                    log.error(msg);
+                    throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg);
                 }
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while adding tags", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while adding tags.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, null);
         }
@@ -87,7 +100,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
             preparedStatement.setInt(4, tenantId);
             preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while updating tag", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while updating tag.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, null);
         }
@@ -106,7 +121,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
             preparedStatement.setInt(2, tenantId);
             preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while deleting tag", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while deleting tag.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, null);
         }
@@ -131,7 +148,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
                 tag = loadTag(resultSet);
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while retrieving tag", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while getting a specific tag." + tagId;
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, resultSet);
         }
@@ -157,7 +176,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
                 tag = loadTag(resultSet);
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while retrieving tag with name: " + tagName, e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while retrieving tag with name: " + tagName;
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, resultSet);
         }
@@ -184,7 +205,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
                 tags.add(tag);
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while retrieving tags", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while retrieving tags";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, resultSet);
         }
@@ -237,9 +260,13 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
             preparedStatement.setInt(paramIndex, tenantId);
             preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
         } catch (SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Tag is already mapped to this device", e, true);
+            String msg = "Tag is already mapped to this device";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e, true);
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while adding device tag", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while adding device tag mapping";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, null);
         }
@@ -287,7 +314,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
             preparedStatement.setInt(paramIndex, tenantId);
             preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while deleting device tag mapping", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while deleting device tag mapping";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, null);
         }
@@ -313,7 +342,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
                 deviceTags.add(deviceTag);
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while retrieving device tags", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while retrieving device tags";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, resultSet);
         }
@@ -340,7 +371,9 @@ public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {
                 deviceTags.add(deviceTag);
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new TagManagementDAOException("Error occurred while retrieving devices for tag", e);
+            String msg = "Error occurred while retrieving devices for tag";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new TagManagementDAOException(msg, e);
         } finally {
             cleanupResources(preparedStatement, resultSet);
         }

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/core/internal/DeviceManagementServiceComponent.java

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.authorization.GroupAccessAuth
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.metadata.mgt.DeviceStatusManagementService;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.authorization.GroupAccessAuthorizationServiceImpl;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.metadata.mgt.DeviceStatusManagementServiceImpl;
-import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.service.*;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.service.TagManagementProviderService;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.service.TagManagementProviderServiceImpl;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.server.bootup.heartbeat.beacon.service.HeartBeatManagementService;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/core/service/DeviceManagementProviderServiceImpl.java

@@ -22,7 +22,15 @@ import com.google.common.reflect.TypeToken;
 import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.exceptions.ConflictException;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.common.metadata.mgt.DeviceStatusManagementService;
-import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.*;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceDAO;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceTypeDAO;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.EnrollmentDAO;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.ApplicationDAO;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceStatusDAO;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceManagementDAOFactory;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.DeviceManagementDAOException;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.TenantDAO;
+import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dao.TagDAO;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dto.DeviceDetailsDTO;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dto.OwnerWithDeviceDTO;
 import io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core.dto.OperationDTO;

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/core/service/TagManagementProviderService.java

@@ -82,16 +82,22 @@ public interface TagManagementProviderService {
     /**
      * Method to add a device-tag mapping.
      *
-     * @param tagMappingDto - TagMappingDTO object containing mapping information.
+     * @param deviceIdentifiers - List of device ids to map.
+     * @param deviceType - Device Type of that specific devices.
+     * @param tags - List of tags you want to attach.
      * @throws TagManagementException if something goes wrong while adding the device-tag mapping.
      */
-    void addDeviceTagMapping(TagMappingDTO tagMappingDto) throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException;
+    void addDeviceTagMapping(List<String> deviceIdentifiers, String deviceType, List<String> tags)
+            throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException;
 
     /**
      * Method to delete a device-tag mapping.
      *
-     * @param tagMappingDTO - TagMappingDTO object containing mapping information.
+     * @param deviceIdentifiers - List of device ids to map.
+     * @param deviceType - Device Type of that specific devices.
+     * @param tags - List of tags you want to attach.
      * @throws TagManagementException if something goes wrong while deleting the device-tag mapping.
      */
-    void deleteDeviceTagMapping(TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO) throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException;
+    void deleteDeviceTagMapping(List<String> deviceIdentifiers, String deviceType, List<String> tags)
+            throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException;
 }

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/core/service/TagManagementProviderServiceImpl.java

@@ -47,11 +47,13 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
             throw new BadRequestException(msg);
         }
         try {
-            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
+            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             for (Tag tag : tags) {
                 if (tag.getName() == null) {
-                    throw new BadRequestException("Tag name cannot be null");
+                    String msg = "Tag name cannot be null";
+                    log.error(msg);
+                    throw new BadRequestException(msg);
                 }
             }
             if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
@@ -80,9 +82,11 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
     @Override
     public List<Tag> getAllTags() throws TagManagementException {
         try {
-            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
-            return tagDAO.getTags(tenantId);
+            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
+            List<Tag> tags = tagDAO.getTags(tenantId);
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
+            return tags;
         } catch (TransactionManagementException e) {
             String msg = "Error occurred while initiating transaction.";
             log.error(msg, e);
@@ -104,8 +108,8 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
     @Override
     public Tag getTagById(int tagId) throws TagManagementException, TagNotFoundException {
         try {
-            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
+            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             Tag tag = tagDAO.getTagById(tagId, tenantId);
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
             if (tag == null) {
@@ -132,16 +136,14 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
         }
 
         try {
-            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
+            int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
             Tag tag = tagDAO.getTagByName(tagName, tenantId);
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
-
             if (tag == null) {
                 String msg = "Tag with name " + tagName + " not found.";
                 throw new TagNotFoundException(msg);
             }
-
             return tag;
         } catch (TransactionManagementException | TagManagementDAOException e) {
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.rollbackTransaction();
@@ -162,8 +164,8 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
             throw new BadRequestException(msg);
         }
         try {
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
             int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
-            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
             Tag existingTag = tagDAO.getTagById(tag.getId(), tenantId);
             if (existingTag == null) {
                 String msg = "Tag with ID: " + tag.getId() + " does not exist.";
@@ -171,7 +173,8 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
                 throw new TagNotFoundException(msg);
             }
             tagDAO.updateTag(tag, tenantId);
-        } catch (TagManagementDAOException | SQLException e) {
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
+        } catch (TagManagementDAOException | TransactionManagementException e) {
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.rollbackTransaction();
             String msg = "Error occurred while updating the tag with ID: " + tag.getId();
             log.error(msg, e);
@@ -185,8 +188,8 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
     @Override
     public void deleteTag(int tagId) throws TagManagementException, TagNotFoundException {
         try {
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
             int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
-            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
             Tag existingTag = tagDAO.getTagById(tagId, tenantId);
             if (existingTag == null) {
                 String msg = "Tag with ID: " + tagId + " does not exist.";
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
             }
             tagDAO.deleteTag(tagId, tenantId);
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
-        } catch (TagManagementDAOException | SQLException e) {
+        } catch (TagManagementDAOException | TransactionManagementException e) {
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.rollbackTransaction();
             String msg = "Error occurred while deleting the tag with ID: " + tagId;
             log.error(msg, e);
@@ -206,17 +209,17 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void addDeviceTagMapping(TagMappingDTO tagMappingDto) throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException {
-        if (tagMappingDto == null || tagMappingDto.getDeviceIdentifiers() == null || tagMappingDto.getTags() == null
-                || tagMappingDto.getDeviceType() == null) {
+    public void addDeviceTagMapping(List<String> deviceIdentifiers, String deviceType, List<String> tags)
+            throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException {
+        if (deviceIdentifiers == null || deviceType == null || tags == null) {
             String msg = "Received incomplete data for device tag mapping.";
             log.error(msg);
             throw new BadRequestException(msg);
         }
         try {
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
             int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
-            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
-
+            TagMappingDTO tagMappingDto = new TagMappingDTO(deviceIdentifiers, deviceType, tags);
             List<Tag> tagList = new ArrayList<>();
             for (String tagName : tagMappingDto.getTags()) {
                 Tag tag = new Tag();
@@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
             tagDAO.addTags(tagList, tenantId);
             tagDAO.addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDto.getDeviceIdentifiers(), tagMappingDto.getDeviceType(),
                     tagMappingDto.getTags(), tenantId);
-
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
         } catch (TagManagementDAOException e) {
             if (e.isUniqueConstraintViolation()) {
                 String msg = "Tag is already mapped to this device.";
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
                 log.error(msg, e);
                 throw new TagManagementException(msg, e);
             }
-        } catch (SQLException e) {
+        } catch (TransactionManagementException e) {
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.rollbackTransaction();
             String msg = "Error occurred while adding device tag mapping.";
             log.error(msg, e);
@@ -250,20 +253,20 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceImpl implements TagManagementProviderSe
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void deleteDeviceTagMapping(TagMappingDTO tagMappingDto) throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException {
-        if (tagMappingDto == null || tagMappingDto.getDeviceIdentifiers() == null || tagMappingDto.getTags() == null
-                || tagMappingDto.getDeviceType() == null) {
+    public void deleteDeviceTagMapping(List<String> deviceIdentifiers, String deviceType, List<String> tags) throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException {
+        if (deviceIdentifiers == null || deviceType == null || tags == null) {
             String msg = "Received incomplete data for device tag mapping.";
             log.error(msg);
             throw new BadRequestException(msg);
         }
         try {
+            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.beginTransaction();
             int tenantId = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
-            DeviceManagementDAOFactory.openConnection();
+            TagMappingDTO tagMappingDto = new TagMappingDTO(deviceIdentifiers, deviceType, tags);
             tagDAO.deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDto.getDeviceIdentifiers(), tagMappingDto.getDeviceType(),
                     tagMappingDto.getTags(), tenantId);
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.commitTransaction();
-        } catch (TagManagementDAOException | SQLException e) {
+        } catch (TagManagementDAOException | TransactionManagementException e) {
             DeviceManagementDAOFactory.rollbackTransaction();
             String msg = "Error occurred while deleting device tag mappings.";
             log.error(msg, e);

components/device-mgt/io.entgra.device.mgt.core.device.mgt.core/src/test/java/io/entgra/device/mgt/core/device/mgt/core/service/TagManagementProviderServiceTest.java

@@ -133,84 +133,60 @@ public class TagManagementProviderServiceTest extends BaseDeviceManagementTest {
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "deleteTag")
     public void createTagMappingsNull() throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException {
-        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(null);
+        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(null, null, null);
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "createTagMappingsNull")
     public void createTagsMappingsNullDeviceIdentifiers() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(null);
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
-        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(null, DEVICE_TYPE,
+                new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "createTagsMappingsNullDeviceIdentifiers")
     public void createTagsMappingsNullDeviceType() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)));
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(null);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
-        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)),
+                null, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "createTagsMappingsNullDeviceType")
     public void createTagsMappingsNullTags() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)));
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(null);
-        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)),
+                DEVICE_TYPE, null);
     }
 
     @Test(dependsOnMethods = "createTagsMappingsNullTags")
     public void createTagsMappings() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)));
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
-        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.addDeviceTagMapping(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)),
+                DEVICE_TYPE, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "createTagsMappings")
     public void deleteTagMappingsNull() throws TagManagementException, BadRequestException {
-        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(null);
+        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(null, null, null);
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "deleteTagMappingsNull")
     public void deleteTagsMappingsNullDeviceIdentifiers() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(null);
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
-        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(null, DEVICE_TYPE,
+                new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "deleteTagsMappingsNullDeviceIdentifiers")
     public void deleteTagsMappingsNullDeviceType() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)));
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(null);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
-        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)),
+                null, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
     }
 
     @Test(expectedExceptions = {BadRequestException.class}, dependsOnMethods = "deleteTagsMappingsNullDeviceType")
     public void deleteTagsMappingsNullTags() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)));
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(null);
-        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)),
+                DEVICE_TYPE, null);
     }
 
     @Test(dependsOnMethods = "deleteTagsMappingsNullTags")
     public void deleteTagsMappings() throws TagManagementException, DeviceManagementException {
-        TagMappingDTO tagMappingDTO = new TagMappingDTO();
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceIdentifiers(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)));
-        tagMappingDTO.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
-        tagMappingDTO.setTags(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
-        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(tagMappingDTO);
+        tagManagementProviderService.deleteDeviceTagMapping(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(DEVICE_ID_1, DEVICE_ID_2)),
+                DEVICE_TYPE, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("tag1", "tag2")));
     }
 }