Add operation status update wrapper api to store

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.common/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/common/DeviceSubscriptionData.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import java.sql.Timestamp;
 
 public class DeviceSubscriptionData {
 
+    private int subId;
     private String action;
     private long actionTriggeredTimestamp;
     private String actionTriggeredBy;
@@ -82,4 +83,12 @@ public class DeviceSubscriptionData {
     public String getCurrentInstalledVersion() { return currentInstalledVersion; }
 
     public void setCurrentInstalledVersion(String currentInstalledVersion) { this.currentInstalledVersion = currentInstalledVersion; }
+
+    public int getSubId() {
+        return subId;
+    }
+
+    public void setSubId(int subId) {
+        this.subId = subId;
+    }
 }

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.common/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/common/OperationStatusBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package io.entgra.application.mgt.common;
+
+public class OperationStatusBean {
+
+    private int operationId;
+    private String status;
+    private String operationCode;
+
+    public int getOperationId() {
+        return operationId;
+    }
+
+    public void setOperationId(int operationId) {
+        this.operationId = operationId;
+    }
+
+    public String getStatus() {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    public void setStatus(String status) {
+        this.status = status;
+    }
+
+    public String getOperationCode() {
+        return operationCode;
+    }
+
+    public void setOperationCode(String operationCode) {
+        this.operationCode = operationCode;
+    }
+}

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.common/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/common/services/ApplicationManager.java

@@ -304,6 +304,8 @@ public interface ApplicationManager {
      */
     boolean checkSubDeviceIdsForOperations(int operationId, int deviceId) throws ApplicationManagementException;
 
+    void updateSubStatus(int deviceId, List<Integer> operationId, String status) throws ApplicationManagementException;
+
     void updateSubsStatus(int deviceId, int operationId, String status) throws ApplicationManagementException;
 
 

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.common/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/common/services/SubscriptionManager.java

@@ -34,6 +34,16 @@ import java.util.Properties;
  */
 public interface SubscriptionManager {
 
+    /**
+     * Use to update status of a subscription
+     *
+     * @param deviceId Id of the device
+     * @param subId subscription id
+     * @param status status to be changed
+     */
+    void updateSubscriptionStatus(int deviceId, int subId, String status)
+            throws SubscriptionManagementException;
+
     /**
      * Performs bulk subscription operation for a given application and a subscriber list.
      * @param applicationUUID UUID of the application to subscribe/unsubscribe

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/core/dao/SubscriptionDAO.java

@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ public interface SubscriptionDAO {
     List<Integer> getDeviceSubIds(List<Integer> deviceIds, int applicationReleaseId, int tenantId)
             throws ApplicationManagementDAOException;
 
+    int getDeviceIdForSubId(int subId, int tenantId) throws ApplicationManagementDAOException;
+
+    List<Integer> getOperationIdsForSubId(int subId, int tenantId) throws ApplicationManagementDAOException;
+
     List<Integer> getDeviceSubIdsForOperation(int operationId, int deviceID, int tenantId)
             throws ApplicationManagementDAOException;
 

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/core/dao/impl/subscription/GenericSubscriptionDAOImpl.java

@@ -691,6 +691,68 @@ public class GenericSubscriptionDAOImpl extends AbstractDAOImpl implements Subsc
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public int getDeviceIdForSubId(int subId, int tenantId) throws ApplicationManagementDAOException {
+        try {
+            Connection conn = this.getDBConnection();
+            String sql = "SELECT DM_DEVICE_ID "
+                    + "FROM AP_DEVICE_SUBSCRIPTION "
+                    + "WHERE ID = ? AND "
+                    + "TENANT_ID = ?";
+            try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+                stmt.setInt(1, subId);
+                stmt.setInt(2, tenantId);
+                try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery()) {
+                    if (rs.next()) {
+                        return rs.getInt("DM_DEVICE_ID");
+                    }
+                }
+                return -1;
+            }
+        } catch (DBConnectionException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while obtaining the DB connection to get app operation ids for given "
+                    + "subscription id.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementDAOException(msg, e);
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred when processing SQL to get operation ids for given subscription id.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementDAOException(msg, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Integer> getOperationIdsForSubId(int subId, int tenantId) throws ApplicationManagementDAOException {
+        try {
+            Connection conn = this.getDBConnection();
+            List<Integer> operationIds = new ArrayList<>();
+            String sql = "SELECT OPERATION_ID "
+                    + "FROM AP_APP_SUB_OP_MAPPING "
+                    + "WHERE AP_DEVICE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = ? AND "
+                    + "TENANT_ID = ?";
+            try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+                stmt.setInt(1, subId);
+                stmt.setInt(2, tenantId);
+                try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery()) {
+                    while (rs.next()) {
+                        operationIds.add(rs.getInt("OPERATION_ID"));
+                    }
+                }
+                return operationIds;
+            }
+        } catch (DBConnectionException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while obtaining the DB connection to get app operation ids for given "
+                    + "subscription id.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementDAOException(msg, e);
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred when processing SQL to get operation ids for given subscription id.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementDAOException(msg, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+
     @Override
     public List<Integer> getDeviceSubIdsForOperation(int operationId, int deviceId, int tenantId)
             throws ApplicationManagementDAOException {

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/core/impl/ApplicationManagerImpl.java

@@ -3548,6 +3548,39 @@ ApplicationManagerImpl implements ApplicationManager {
         return true;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void updateSubStatus(int deviceId, List<Integer> operationIds, String status) throws ApplicationManagementException {
+        int tenantId = PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();
+        try {
+            ConnectionManagerUtil.beginDBTransaction();
+            for (int operationId : operationIds) {
+                List<Integer> deviceSubIds = subscriptionDAO.getDeviceSubIdsForOperation(operationId, deviceId, tenantId);
+                if (!subscriptionDAO.updateDeviceSubStatus(deviceId, deviceSubIds, status, tenantId)){
+                    ConnectionManagerUtil.rollbackDBTransaction();
+                    String msg = "Didn't update an any app subscription of device for operation Id: " + operationId;
+                    log.error(msg);
+                    throw new ApplicationManagementException(msg);
+                }
+            }
+            ConnectionManagerUtil.commitDBTransaction();
+        } catch (ApplicationManagementDAOException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occured while updating app subscription status of the device.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementException(msg, e);
+        } catch (DBConnectionException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while obersving the database connection to update aoo subscription status of "
+                    + "device.";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementException(msg, e);
+        } catch (TransactionManagementException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while executing database transaction";
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new ApplicationManagementException(msg, e);
+        } finally {
+            ConnectionManagerUtil.closeDBConnection();
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void updateSubsStatus(int deviceId, int operationId, String status) throws ApplicationManagementException {
         int tenantId = PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId();

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/core/impl/SubscriptionManagerImpl.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package io.entgra.application.mgt.core.impl;
 import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;
+import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase;
 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
 import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.StringRequestEntity;
 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
@@ -1189,18 +1190,62 @@ public class SubscriptionManagerImpl implements SubscriptionManager {
         }
     }
 
-    public int installEnrollmentApplications(ApplicationPolicyDTO applicationPolicyDTO)
+    @Override
-            throws ApplicationManagementException {
+    public void updateSubscriptionStatus(int deviceId, int subId, String status)
+            throws SubscriptionManagementException {
+        try {
+            int tenantId = PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantId(true);
+            List<Integer> operationIds =  getOperationIdsForSubId(subId, tenantId);
+            APIUtil.getApplicationManager().updateSubStatus(deviceId, operationIds, status);
+        } catch (DBConnectionException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while observing the database connection to get operation Ids for " + subId;
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new SubscriptionManagementException(msg, e);
+        } catch (ApplicationManagementException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while updating subscription status with the id: "
+                    + subId;
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new SubscriptionManagementException(msg, e);
+        }
+    }
 
-        HttpClient httpClient;
+    private List<Integer> getOperationIdsForSubId(int subId, int tenantId) throws SubscriptionManagementException {
-        PostMethod request;
         try {
+            ConnectionManagerUtil.openDBConnection();
+            return subscriptionDAO.getOperationIdsForSubId(subId, tenantId);
+        } catch (ApplicationManagementDAOException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while getting operation Ids for subId" + subId;
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new SubscriptionManagementException(msg, e);
+        } catch (DBConnectionException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while observing the database connection to get operation Ids for " + subId;
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            throw new SubscriptionManagementException(msg, e);
+        } finally {
+            ConnectionManagerUtil.closeDBConnection();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int invokeIOTCoreAPI(HttpMethodBase request) throws UserStoreException, APIManagerException, IOException {
+        HttpClient httpClient;
         String tenantDomain = PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantDomain();
         ApiApplicationKey apiApplicationKey = OAuthUtils.getClientCredentials(tenantDomain);
         String username =
                 PrivilegedCarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getUserRealm().getRealmConfiguration()
                         .getAdminUserName() + Constants.ApplicationInstall.AT + tenantDomain;
         AccessTokenInfo tokenInfo = OAuthUtils.getOAuthCredentials(apiApplicationKey, username);
+        request.addRequestHeader(Constants.ApplicationInstall.AUTHORIZATION,
+                Constants.ApplicationInstall.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER_VALUE + tokenInfo.getAccessToken());
+        httpClient = new HttpClient();
+        httpClient.executeMethod(request);
+        return request.getStatusCode();
+    }
+
+    public int installEnrollmentApplications(ApplicationPolicyDTO applicationPolicyDTO)
+            throws ApplicationManagementException {
+
+        PostMethod request;
+        try {
             String requestUrl = Constants.ApplicationInstall.ENROLLMENT_APP_INSTALL_PROTOCOL + System
                     .getProperty(Constants.ApplicationInstall.IOT_CORE_HOST) + Constants.ApplicationInstall.COLON
                     + System.getProperty(Constants.ApplicationInstall.IOT_CORE_PORT)
@@ -1210,14 +1255,9 @@ public class SubscriptionManagerImpl implements SubscriptionManager {
 
             StringRequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(payload, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
                     Constants.ApplicationInstall.ENCODING);
-            httpClient = new HttpClient();
             request = new PostMethod(requestUrl);
-            request.addRequestHeader(Constants.ApplicationInstall.AUTHORIZATION,
-                    Constants.ApplicationInstall.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER_VALUE + tokenInfo.getAccessToken());
             request.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);
-            httpClient.executeMethod(request);
+            return invokeIOTCoreAPI(request);
-            return request.getStatusCode();
-
         } catch (UserStoreException e) {
             String msg = "Error while accessing user store for user with Android device.";
             log.error(msg, e);
@@ -1240,6 +1280,13 @@ public class SubscriptionManagerImpl implements SubscriptionManager {
         }
     }
 
+    private String getIOTCoreBaseUrl() {
+        return Constants.HTTPS_PROTOCOL + Constants.SCHEME_SEPARATOR + System
+                .getProperty(Constants.IOT_CORE_HOST) + Constants.COLON
+                + System.getProperty(Constants.IOT_CORE_HTTPS_PORT);
+    }
+
+
     @Override
     public PaginationResult getAppInstalledDevices(PaginationRequest request, String appUUID)
             throws ApplicationManagementException {
@@ -1430,6 +1477,7 @@ public class SubscriptionManagerImpl implements SubscriptionManager {
                                 }
                                 deviceSubscriptionData.setActionType(subscription.getActionTriggeredFrom());
                                 deviceSubscriptionData.setStatus(subscription.getStatus());
+                                deviceSubscriptionData.setSubId(subscription.getId());
                                 deviceSubscriptionDataList.add(deviceSubscriptionData);
                                 break;
                             }

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.core/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/core/util/Constants.java

@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ public class Constants {
     public static final String IOT_CORE_HTTPS_PORT = "iot.core.https.port";
     public static final String HTTPS_PROTOCOL = "https";
     public static final String HTTP_PROTOCOL = "http";
+    public static final String SCHEME_SEPARATOR = "://";
+    public static final String OPERATION_STATUS_UPDATE_API_BASE = "/api/device-mgt/v1.0/devices";
+    public static final String OPERATION_STATUS_UPDATE_API_URI = "/operation";
 
+    public static final String COLON = ":";
     public static final String FORWARD_SLASH = "/";
     public static final String ANY = "ANY";
     public static final String DEFAULT_PCK_NAME = "default.app.com";

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/store/api/beans/SubscriptionStatusBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.beans;
+
+import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
+import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
+
+/**
+ * This is used to map the status of subscription.
+ */
+@ApiModel(
+        value = "SubscriptionStatusBean",
+        description = "This class carries all information related map statuses of the subscription."
+)
+public class SubscriptionStatusBean {
+    @ApiModelProperty(
+            name = "sub id",
+            value = "Subscription Id.",
+            required = true
+    )
+    private int subId;
+
+    @ApiModelProperty(
+            name = "status",
+            value = "Status of the subscription.",
+            required = true
+    )
+    private String status;
+
+    public String getStatus() {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    public void setStatus(String status) {
+        this.status = status;
+    }
+
+    public int getSubId() {
+        return subId;
+    }
+
+    public void setSubId(int subId) {
+        this.subId = subId;
+    }
+}

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/store/api/services/admin/SubscriptionManagementAdminAPI.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 package io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.services.admin;
 
+import io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.beans.SubscriptionStatusBean;
 import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
 import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
 import io.swagger.annotations.ApiParam;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ import io.entgra.application.mgt.common.ErrorResponse;
 import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
 import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
 import javax.ws.rs.GET;
+import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
 import javax.ws.rs.Path;
 import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
 import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
@@ -69,6 +71,13 @@ import java.util.List;
                         key = "perm:admin:app:subscription:view",
                         roles = {"Internal/devicemgt-admin"},
                         permissions = {"/app-mgt/store/admin/subscription/view"}
+                ),
+                @Scope(
+                        name = "View Application Subscriptions",
+                        description = "View Application Subscriptions.",
+                        key = "perm:admin:app:subscription:modify",
+                        roles = {"Internal/devicemgt-admin"},
+                        permissions = {"/app-mgt/store/admin/subscription/modify"}
                 )
         }
 )
@@ -79,6 +88,51 @@ public interface SubscriptionManagementAdminAPI {
 
     String SCOPE = "scope";
 
+    @PUT
+    @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+    @Path("/device/{deviceId}/status")
+    @ApiOperation(
+            consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
+            produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,
+            httpMethod = "PUT",
+            value = "Update subscription status",
+            notes = "This will update the subscription status that belongs to the given device id",
+            tags = "Subscription Management",
+            extensions = {
+                    @Extension(properties = {
+                            @ExtensionProperty(name = SCOPE, value = "perm:admin:app:subscription:modify")
+                    })
+            }
+    )
+    @ApiResponses(
+            value = {
+                    @ApiResponse(
+                            code = 200,
+                            message = "OK. \n Successfully updated subscription status.",
+                            response = List.class,
+                            responseContainer = "List"),
+                    @ApiResponse(
+                            code = 404,
+                            message = "Not Found. \n No Application found which has application release of UUID.",
+                            response = ErrorResponse.class),
+                    @ApiResponse(
+                            code = 500,
+                            message = "Internal Server Error. \n Error occurred while updating subscription status",
+                            response = ErrorResponse.class)
+            })
+    Response updateSubscription(
+            @ApiParam(
+                    name = "deviceId",
+                    value = "Id of the device",
+                    required = true)
+            @PathParam("deviceId") int deviceId,
+            @ApiParam(
+                    name = "subscription status change bean",
+                    value = "this bean contains the information related to status change",
+                    required = true)
+            SubscriptionStatusBean subscriptionStatusBean
+    );
+
     @GET
     @Path("/{uuid}")
     @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/store/api/services/impl/admin/SubscriptionManagementAdminAPIImpl.java

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 package io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.services.impl.admin;
 
+import io.entgra.application.mgt.common.exception.SubscriptionManagementException;
+import io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.beans.SubscriptionStatusBean;
 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
@@ -34,10 +36,12 @@ import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.PaginationResult;
 import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
 import javax.ws.rs.DefaultValue;
 import javax.ws.rs.GET;
+import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
 import javax.ws.rs.Path;
 import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
 import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
 import javax.ws.rs.QueryParam;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
 import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -50,6 +54,30 @@ public class SubscriptionManagementAdminAPIImpl implements SubscriptionManagemen
 
     private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SubscriptionManagementAdminAPIImpl.class);
 
+    @Override
+    @PUT
+    @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+    @Path("/device/{deviceId}/status")
+    public Response updateSubscription(
+            @PathParam("deviceId") int deviceId,
+            SubscriptionStatusBean subscriptionStatusBean
+    ) {
+        try {
+            RequestValidationUtil.validateSubscriptionStatus(subscriptionStatusBean.getStatus());
+            SubscriptionManager subscriptionManager = APIUtil.getSubscriptionManager();
+            subscriptionManager.updateSubscriptionStatus(deviceId, subscriptionStatusBean.getSubId(),
+                    subscriptionStatusBean.getStatus());
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.OK).entity("Subscription status updated successfully").build();
+        } catch (BadRequestException e) {
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.getMessage()).build();
+        } catch (SubscriptionManagementException e) {
+            String msg = "Error occurred while changing subscription status of the subscription with the id "
+                    + subscriptionStatusBean.getSubId();
+            log.error(msg, e);
+            return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).entity(msg).build();
+        }
+    }
+
     @GET
     @Consumes("application/json")
     @Produces("application/json")

components/application-mgt/io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api/src/main/java/io/entgra/application/mgt/store/api/services/impl/util/RequestValidationUtil.java

@@ -18,12 +18,16 @@
  */
 package io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.services.impl.util;
 
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.EnumUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 import io.entgra.application.mgt.core.exception.BadRequestException;
 import io.entgra.application.mgt.store.api.util.Constants;
+import org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.common.operation.mgt.ActivityStatus;
 
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
 
 public class RequestValidationUtil {
 
@@ -113,4 +117,18 @@ public class RequestValidationUtil {
             throw new BadRequestException(msg);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if user requested subscription status is valid.
+     *
+     */
+    public static void validateSubscriptionStatus(String status) throws BadRequestException{
+        if (!EnumUtils.isValidEnum(ActivityStatus.Status.class, status)) {
+            List<ActivityStatus.Status> validStatuses = EnumUtils.getEnumList(ActivityStatus.Status.class);
+            String validStatusesString = StringUtils.join(validStatuses, " | ");
+            String msg = "Invalid status type: " + status + ". \nValid status types are " + validStatusesString;
+            log.error(msg);
+            throw new BadRequestException(msg);
+        }
+    }
 }

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.basics.feature/src/main/resources/conf/mdm-ui-config.xml

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
         <Scope>perm:admin:app:publisher:update</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:admin:app:review:update</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:admin:app:subscription:view</Scope>
+        <Scope>perm:admin:app:subscription:modify</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:device-types:types</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:enterprise:modify</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:enterprise:view</Scope>

features/device-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.device.mgt.basics.feature/src/main/resources/conf_templates/templates/repository/conf/mdm-ui-config.xml.j2

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
         <Scope>perm:admin:app:publisher:update</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:admin:app:review:update</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:admin:app:subscription:view</Scope>
+        <Scope>perm:admin:app:subscription:modify</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:device-types:types</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:enterprise:modify</Scope>
         <Scope>perm:enterprise:view</Scope>